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US accused of using chemical weapons in Fallujah

The following comes courtesy of www.iraqnow.blogspot.com.

You may want to share this with your readers. This is not a professional work, but just an informal analysis.

I had this conversation yesterday regarding this news story about WP being used as a chemical weapon.

I am a former fire support officer, who was trained to travel with infantry and armor units and be the eyes of the artillery to call for fire.
I read the article from the Italian news source, and let me state unequivocally that what it claims is physically impossible. A white phosphorous round used for illumination is a base ejecting projectile that "opens" in the air and floats down under a parachute. The projectile casing does continue down range, but fire direction officers and fire support officers along with the maneuver commanders clear this impact area as part of the calculations. The projectile casing itself could kill a person, as any bullet would, but it is not possible to use it as a chemical warfare attack.
The flare itself floats down and you would pretty much have to chase after it and position yourself under where you project it will land to even get burned. It is possible although very unlikely that this flare could hit a building and could cause a fire, but the injury wouldn’t be a chemical burn, but a burn from the building fire. I have never seen anything close to this happen.
The flares come down slowly and usually burn out first, but since they are the brightest thing in the sky, it would be easy to avoid one if it landed while burning. I have seen a few flares land on the ground while burning, but this is much different than a chemical attack.
The only way you could purposely harm anyone with this is if you direct fired at a short range. The projectile most likely wouldn't eject the flare (it has a timed fuse) and it really wouldn't matter if you fired Cheetohs at someone at that range, the concussion would kill them.
An artillery unit wouldn't use direct fire unless it was being attacked. And even then it would use their organic direct fire weapons and if necessary, another type of projectile. To use a WP for direct fire would be entirely counterproductive to the security of the battery even in self defense.

This Italian news story is nothing but a lie.

After being asked repeatedly to analyze the “Italian News Story” (gag), I analyzed the video, here are my thoughts

I analyzed the video and am pleased to announce that it is junk. There are many things I could point out, but here is what sticks out.
1. The “fire raining down from the helicopter” was the part that concerned me. I had to watch it repeatedly to figure it out. At first I thought it was the backblast from a missile being fired the other direction. After a more thorough analysis, I realize it was an air burst of WP artillery rounds. Those are basically small rags that looked like balls of fire. This is because it is night and it is hard to get perspective at night, with or without night vision equipment. Taken out of context, it is easy to make it look like fire raining down on the city. The rag would certainly burn, but it would be like a cigarette and you would just need to brush it off, maybe take off clothes, and get away from it.
2. The voice over states "contrary to the claim by the state department that WP was used in open fields, this was not true because tracer rounds were used to illuminate the enemy" Nothing could have spelled out liar any bigger than that one statement. Tracy rounds are never used to illuminate the enemy. The glow from a tracer round lasts tenths of a second and travels hundreds of miles an hour; it could not possibly be used for this function, again a claim that defies all practicality. Tracer rounds are used to see where your bullets are going so your fire can be adjusted, flat out. And quoting the State Department about a military function?

3. The pictures of dead bodies while hideous provide no analytical value. Contrast the opening from Vietnam, with the burned little girl, running from a napalmed village. That is conclusive evidence. Nothing about these dead bodies looked any different to the many dead bodies I have seen analyzing other videos (of dead bodies) that were all made that way (dead) by Saddam’s regime and then by Jihadists. There is no way to determine what killed these people by looking at pictures, except maybe by a forensics expert.

4. The soldiers, this is more complicated:
I find the taller guy, I think his name was Garret, credible. His story rang true and is tragically repeated. But this is not a war crime or a chemical attack, but bad target identification and a complete human tragedy, assuming the "civilians" were indeed non combatants, it is very hard for the soldiers to tell. Although I do question his motives that is irrelevant to this analysis since he provides no “evidence” of chemical weapons.
The other guy Jeff was a liar, to the point I would need to see his orders to believe he was in Iraq. He states, (paraphrasing) "the orders unequivocally came from the pentagon to wait until after the election".
How does he know this? Was he CENTCOM commander at the time? Did the CENTCOM commander call him up and tell him that? Even if it was true, that fact in itself is not nefarious.
The re-election of Bush would be a crushing blow to the Jihadists in Fallujah, and let me tell you, I have seen their own videos recovered from there and the place was crawling with them. It would make tactical sense to wait, if you were pretty confident that Bush would win. They call this tactical patience.
Also, the timing of the attack was heavily influenced by the Iraqi Provisional Authority. The U.S. had just helped them form and wanted to get them involved with running their country as soon as possible. That is why the first battle of Fallujah was ended, because the new Iraqi government wanted more time to talk with the Jihadists. That is until the new Iraqi government officials figured out that they were now the primary target of the Jihadists and told the U.S. effectively, go get them (the Jihadists in Fallujah) as soon as you can.
Jeff states (paraphrasing), that the U.S. was using chemical weapons because we used WP. Hogwash. The video itself showed the flares floating slowly to the ground and the ground itself gave perspective. Now I am not saying I would want WP on my skin, but I wouldn't want Drano on my skin either and I am not declaring chemical warfare on my home. Now a person could make the argument that you could take that Drano and throw it on your neighbor and that would be a chemical attack. True, but, you can not spew WP from a deployed flare because if it is burning, it is burning the WP. You wouldn’t want to put your mouth over it, of course, and you wouldn’t want to purposely hold it to your skin, but you would have to go out of the way to hurt yourself with a flare.

c. He states (paraphrasing) when they used the stuff (WP) they would come over the net and say the WP is coming or "commence bombing" or something.
Commence bombing? Who was on the net giving this sitrep, Clark Gable? That’s about the last time anybody used this term. This guy is a clown. And notice he makes claims and then says, oh, I didn't see it, but I heard about it.

5. The real tip off about the credibility of this “news story” is the pictures of dead animals.
The voice over said, paraphrasing: that several animals were found dead with no visible sign of trauma.
First off, did they examine the animals? If so, they didn’t show it. Sure something is not visible, if you don’t look! Animals die everyday from natural causes, hunger, disease, or even getting hit by cars or possibly by conventional weapons.
And get this, they show people who appear burned and claim this to be a sign of a chemical weapon, then they show animals with no injuries in the context of this discussion to imply they died of a mysterious chemical weapon. Their “facts” not only fail to support each other, but they directly conflict with each other. Yet they choose to throw them at the viewer with full understanding of the emotional impact of these images.

<continued in next post - apparently there's a chacter limit>
 
6. A human rights group based in Fallujah? For crying out loud, that was Saddam's power base. That is were the people burned four contractors and hung them from a bridge.

By introducing these “facts” in the context of a chemical weapons discussion, yet not having any supporting evidence, I can only conclude that not only are these charges false, but this was done with the documentary creator’s full knowledge that they were baseless charges. In other words, they purposely lied, which goes to their credibility.


After I wrote this, I was informed of more “supporting evidence” linked on the www.Dailykos.com:


“"WP [i.e., white phosphorus rounds] proved to be an effective and versatile munition. We used it for screening missions at two breeches and, later in the fight, as a potent psychological weapon against the insurgents in trench lines and spider holes when we could not get effects on them with HE. We fired 'shake and bake' missions at the insurgents, using WP to flush them out and HE to take them out."
-- Field Artillery Magazine, via Steven D

My analysis:

I don’t mean to speak for the author, but this is evident

""WP [i.e., white phosphorus rounds] proved to be an effective and versatile munition."

Very true and widely known among redlegs (artillerymen). Nothing interesting here.

"We used it for screening missions at two breeches ..."

The kind of projectile they are speaking about here creates smoke. It is widely, commonly, and legally used by every army to conceal their men. Usually, if an obstacle needs to be breeched, the smoke is delivered by artillery in between the obstacle and the enemy observer. It can also be placed on the enemy to confuse and scare them. The smoke itself is uncomfortable, but not dangerous, unless you want to sit on top of the projectile and breathe it. I know because I have experienced it.

"and, later in the fight, as a potent psychological weapon against the insurgents in trench lines and spider holes when we could not get effects on them with HE."

Notice he said psychological weapon and not chemical weapon. This is because the smoke would confuse the enemy and conceal our movements and would indeed, scare them.

"We fired 'shake and bake' missions at the insurgents"

A poor choice of phrasing because it is not technically accurate and does give the wrong impression, but this is a soldier and not a politician or a marketing strategist. (After further consideration, I think if the reference is to the projectile itself and not to the effect on flesh, it could be accurate. The HE would shake the ground and the material that creates smoke does so by burning (baking) but you would pretty much have to try to set yourself on fire by rolling around in it.)

"using WP to flush them out and HE to take them out."

This takes a little bit of imagination. Imagine you are in a fighting position and the enemy is dropping smoke near your position. You ask yourself "why are they dropping smoke here?" the answer "because they are coming right through here." So, you haul butt out of your defensive position and expose yourself to HE.

This statement has absolutely nothing to do with the “dual use” of smoke (WP) as a chemical weapon. It is stating that WP can have a psychological effect as well as a tactical use. That is the only “dual use” here.



-Ray Robison is a Sr. Military Operations Research Analyst with Scientific Applications International Corporation at the Aviation and Missile, Research, Development, Engineering Command in Huntsville Alabama. His background includes over ten years of military service as an officer and enlisted soldier in the Medical Branch, Field Artillery and Signal Corp including the Gulf War and Kosovo operations. Most recently he worked as a contractor for DIA with the Iraqi Survey Group.
 
_pH_ said:
That is not strictly true:

Source
Two points from that:

Firstly, it wasn't used for it's 'caustic' properties - it was used for psychological effect, to get people to leave whatever earthworks they were using as cover, then they could be killed by the HE rounds.

Secondly - it doesn't have 'caustic' properties, it will have incendiary effects on someone caught in the open and obviously it was assumed that they weren't in the open because the intention was to flush them out into it! The smoke generated is a mild irritant, not caustic. It is phosphorus pentoxide.

The original photos used on the Italian website apparently showed the bodies fully clothed, with the clothes undamaged, this would not be representative of someone caugt in the open by WP rounds because the clothes would be damaged by the WP. Since most clothing in the area is from natural fibres this also works against a caustic agent such as an acid because that would also damage such clothing.
 
Newsflash: Dum dum bullets declared safe for children

The Department of Defense has today declared that dum dum bullets (you know the ones that leave a small entry hole and a massive exit hole) are now safe to be used by children. A spokesman said "In the past there was an irrational concern over these bullets, but we've had a team of specialist lawyers look into this and their findings are that dum dum bullets are safe. We would also like to announce that landmines can also now be used as toys by children under 12. Let no one say the Pentagon isn't doing its bit in the cause of fun".

Me? I take one dum dum a day to the left temple. :D
 
MikeMcc said:
Two points from that:

Firstly, it wasn't used for it's 'caustic' properties - it was used for psychological effect, to get people to leave whatever earthworks they were using as cover, then they could be killed by the HE rounds.

It almost sounds like you're excusing the US actions here...

MikeMcc said:
Secondly - it doesn't have 'caustic' properties, it will have incendiary effects on someone caught in the open and obviously it was assumed that they weren't in the open because the intention was to flush them out into it! The smoke generated is a mild irritant, not caustic. It is phosphorus pentoxide.

So you're saying your opinion is correct, whereas the guy from the Organisation for The Prohibition of Chemical Weapons who said this

"If on the other hand the toxic properties of white phosphorus, the caustic properties, are specifically intended to be used as a weapon, that of course is prohibited, because the way the Convention is structured or the way it is in fact applied, any chemicals used against humans or animals that cause harm or death through the toxic properties of the chemical are considered chemical weapons."

is wrong? Bit full of yourself aren't you?
 
_pH_ said:
It almost sounds like you're excusing the US actions here...



So you're saying your opinion is correct, whereas the guy from the Organisation for The Prohibition of Chemical Weapons who said this



is wrong? Bit full of yourself aren't you?

Yep - I'd say he was wrong!
 
Link

1. Capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action.

WP causes burns by thermal action not chemical.

Compare with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) that 'dissolves' the skin by reacting with the skin.
 
I thought the point was that phosphorus pentoxide produced phosphoric acid when exposed to moisture.

In Falluja, white phosphorus was used to make enemy forces move from their cover. The substance is effective because the clouds of phosphorus pentoxide it produces react with moisture in the air, or in people's lungs, to form phosphoric acid. "A lungful of phosphoric acid is not going to be pleasant at all," said Tom Welton, a chemist at Imperial College London.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1646206,00.html
 
A lungful of phosphoric acid is not going to be pleasant at all

Which says it all. "Not pleasant" is not the same as fatal or deadly.

In chemistry labs all acids including Phosphoric acid are clearly labeled 'corrosive'. Caustic is reserved for alkali's.
 
FridgeMagnet said:
I thought the point was that phosphorus pentoxide produced phosphoric acid when exposed to moisture.


http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1646206,00.html

It does, and on first look, the symptoms appear severe (Source) , but then I noticed the exposure levels, a permissible exposure level of 1 mg per cubic meter means you would need to be exposed to a very dense of the aerosol to be affected. But for bodies it would actually appear that this is a possibility as it reacts with body moisture. It would be extremely unlikely to kill or seriously injure a mobile, living person (though I'm pretty sure that the HE mixed up with the WP rounds would render that point fairly moot!)
 
nino_savatte said:
Christ on a bike, the projectile is not made from chemicals - is it?

Just a quick point dont know if anyone else has made it but here goes anyway:

Small arms projectiles are made of metals (elements) usually copper, lead or steel, phosphorous is also a metal (element), so projectiles are as much "chemicals" as phosphorous.

I will be back to this, as it is my pet subject and there has been the usual crap written.

edit to add : what an embarrassing mistake, of course Phosphorous (this spelling is also correct) is a non metal please replace with element.
 
kropotnik said:
In this and the other thread on this topic (inadvertently started by me) a lot of weasels are claiming that WP somehow doesn't count as a chemical weapon because it is not 'legally defined' as one. So what? In the real world does it make any difference what a bunch of lawyers decide to define it as?

but it makes a big difference what you define it as?

kropotnik said:
WP is a chemical which is used as a weapon against humans. This is a simple, undeniable fact..

As is TNT; a poisonous chemical used against humans.

kropotnik said:
Having your skin burned off by WP or by another chemical weapon, such as mustard gas, produces identical results: Dying in appalling agony..

Editted to add: Through personal experience (small burn on left forearm caused by Sesqui Mustard and somewhat larger Mustard burn on the right foot) Mustard agent causes very little if no pain on the skin (the following infections and thereby damaged tissue maybe, but that is not an immediate effect and occurs days if not weeks after the event.

true as does having limbs blown off, being shot in the abdomen, burning to death in a car crash, falling off a ladder etc etc, death is often painful what's the point here?

kropotnik said:
When Saddam used mustard gas against civilians for his political goals this was a crime against humanity. .

true

kropotnik said:
When the US uses white phosphorus against civilians for their political goals it is also a crime against humanity. Claiming otherwise is disgusting hypocrisy.

also true IF used against civilians. Although seeing as the US han't signed the relevant international agreements concerning such weapons theoretically.....

Look all this to and fro over whether incendiaries can be classified as chemical weapons is counter productive, if you argue with this then those who argue against you will whip the OPCW (and hence UN) definition out and proceed to ignore your further (maybe totally relevant arguments). What you need to do is try to have this class of weapon better controlled/banned, I would be one of the first to cheer that result. This tactic worked well enough with AP landmines and could if applied properly work against incendiaries. Although you'll have to find a Dianna (Gawd bless 'er Soul, if she weren't so Protestant she'd be a Saint by now) substitute. ;)
 
Fuchs66 said:
Although seeing as the US han't signed the relevant international agreements concerning such weapons theoretically.....

makes no difference in the light of this:

Last night the blogger Gabriele Zamparini found a declassified document from the US department of defence, dated April 1991, and titled "Possible use of phosphorus chemical". "During the brutal crackdown that followed the Kurdish uprising," it alleges, "Iraqi forces loyal to President Saddam may have possibly used white phosphorus (WP) chemical weapons against Kurdish rebels and the populace in Erbil ... and Dohuk provinces, Iraq. The WP chemical was delivered by artillery rounds and helicopter gunships ... These reports of possible WP chemical weapon attacks spread quickly ... hundreds of thousands of Kurds fled from these two areas." The Pentagon is in no doubt, in other words, that white phosphorus is an illegal chemical weapon.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1647999,00.html

US can't wriggle out of this one so easily!
 
@tangentlama

Dont get me wrong I think the US have fucked up big time by trying to play the media, when it fits they will change the definition of weapons.

ie if Saddam uses WP then it's a chemical munition if US forces use it then it's an incendiary. A very crude propaganda trick, however just because a weapon contains toxic chemicals does not make it a chemical weapon as I've already stated TNT probably the most commonly used military explosive is in itself toxic (as are most other explosives) and releases toxic gases on detonation.

I am, as already stated, not at all in favour of incendiaries BUT the way to go about it is to ban them not try to reclassify them as chemical munitions, that way your just running in circles chasing your own tail.
 
Barking_Mad said:
No point in banning them, the US won't sign up to a ban anyway - that's why they use WP.

Simple, innit.

WP isn't banned though, just "controlled" in it's use, innit.
 
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