Oddly tolerant in fact, no head to foot clothing for women enforced etc, seems to have been an Ottoman imposition, seem to recall the Q'uran only says that a women must dress "modestly" and even that was only to avoid inflaming the base instincts of men, no reflection on her like.
Majority of sucessful Muslim empires were happy just to charge Jizra (speeling?) or tax on Kafirs (unbelievers), Al Andalus, Sicily, Moghul (well execpting the deranged antics of Aurangzeb)
As for the Caliphate having died pre-1000 CE, during the Brit wars with Mysore embassies were sent to the Ottoman court by Tipu Sultan to ask for the "Caliph" to declare war against the Brits a Jihad, so some residual authority still rested there