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The history of identity

fudgefactorfive

New Member
When did "identity" start to get so complicated? and where? and if you can be arsed, why?

Is it actually just a phenomenon of the late 20th century educated classes in the West? Or has it been around as long as consciousness?

If you sit down and try to imagine what it must be like to think like a person from another time and place - probably a futile exercise, but still - you have to get the question right. "What's your identity?" isn't going to get you very far with a 10th century Chinese peasant or even, I think, with a 19th century Londoner, no matter what their class and education.

But it seems to me you could ask "What is your place in society and who else is like you, where are your allegiances?" to get responses that almost fit, from almost any time and place, provided there's a common language that's broad enough. I get this feeling that most people from most times and places are going to be likely to think in terms of what their role is, what their station in life is - head of the family, servant, citizen, ruler, high priest - or possibly in terms of their function within society and their relationships - hunter, shaman, craftsman, mother, brother, friend who understands. Different societies will place different emphasis on different kinds of position and relationship - compare Victorian Britain with ancient Sparta - but still, that's the bedrock. (Religions that revolve around a deity or other supernatural forces having a "master plan" feed the "station in life" tendency very effectively.)

Most people do still think in those terms. It's hard to imagine not thinking like that at least most of the time. (Why?)

But at some quite recent point - except it's never really a point, is it, more like a big smear - "civilised" societies started to layer more crap on top of all that. Relatively dense clusters of villages and towns might naturally produce identities based on geographical features or language or small cultural differences, like which end you break your egg. Perhaps more and more social displacement - mass economic emigrations, better transport, more "miscegenation" as it used to be called - alongside better record-keeping brought about a need (or a fashion) for keeping track of your familial history, your dynasty, your "racial" roots (although it's hard for me to imagine this happening in a world with less racism and classism). Expanding nations - and then groups of nations, empires - that opt for large scale warmongering would foster nationalist identities faster than any other. There would also be a trend for increased proselytisation and evangelism - every religion creating networks intertwined with every other, competing for a share of the flocks. Then political forces representing racist and other fascistic tendencies started to encourage development of concepts like "black identity", "gay identity" etc. for purposes of solidarity.

And then, most recently, capitalism piled it all on - how you dress, the styles you appreciate, those things you discern favourably: music, politics, heroes, enemies. Mods and rockers, goths. The ultimate incarnation of this in my opinion is the fad in Japan for communing in small groups in public places dressed as a cowboys or fairies or air hostesses because it's the "look" and the "self-expression" you "identify" with. (Hard not to look on it as a desperate cry for help.)

It's like identity gets more complicated the more leisure time you have to pursue such questions. Or - less harsh - is it just population density?

How did all this come about? What's identity's history? Am I wrong in pinning this on modern Western capitalist times? Have other big "civilisations" had a concept of social identity that we easily recognise? Are changes in the way societies treat identity moving in one particular direction over time, or is it just random ebb and flow in an abstract plane throughout world history?

And does it matter?
 
Reminds me that I need to re-read Habermas on nations. Identity's probably some kind of bad thing - a vampire or something; but I do look beeing thrown back into myself and thinking about sitting there and wondering what I believe (probably a bit adolescent, that one).
 
There is a difference between identity as perceived by people that find themselves in the same material and social conditions, and identity as a fake construct imposed from above.
 
fudgefactorfive said:
When did "identity" start to get so complicated? and where? and if you can be arsed, why?

Um... Identity only became an issue when people had enough time to stop worrying about staving to death, dieing off illness or having to work to stay in the same place.

Anyway, why's your identity so hard...? :confused: If you're "identity" is hard to fathm then perhaps you worrying about it too much...
 
Leica said:
There is a difference between identity as perceived by people that find themselves in the same material and social conditions, and identity as a fake construct imposed from above.

well quite

not always that easy to tell the difference, though

i guess to have identities being imposed from above, you need an "above" for the imposition to come from ...
 
fudgefactorfive said:
well quite

not always that easy to tell the difference, though

i guess to have identities being imposed from above, you need an "above" for the imposition to come from ...

Yeah. I think your analysis in the opening post is pretty good. The "above" arrives with power, so I'd say you are not wrong in pinning it down to capitalist society... it's when the concept of "identity" starts to be used in this sense. I would guess it is also when it starts to matter that people realise their common conditions.
 
Have you read Engels' The Origin of the Family? It is good... should be available online somewhere.
 
I would rather put a positive spin on this. Where a 'complex' sense of identity used to be the preserve of the privileged, educated elite, now (in the rich world, at least) we are all privileged and educated, and we are able to search the world to find others who share our proclivities.
 
littlebabyjesus said:
I would rather put a positive spin on this. Where a 'complex' sense of identity used to be the preserve of the privileged, educated elite, now (in the rich world, at least) we are all privileged and educated, and we are able to search the world to find others who share our proclivities.

and there was me congratulating myself on putting a studiedly neutral spin on identity for once :p

ok I said civilisation "piled the crap on" but that's about it! :D
 
Majorie Garber's excellent book Vested Interests, gives a good account of how clothes have been used as markers of class and status. None of us, for example, would have been allowed to wear purple or crimson in the Elizabethan era. Cross-dressing was particularly frowned upon until the end of the 19th century when women were allowed to wear pants (the word "trouser" was invented to specify the male garment).

Identity is what you want it to be. It can no longer be imposed from the top. However, in countries where social mobility is limited or in places where a fashion industry doesn't exist, people are marked out by their dress.
 
nino_savatte said:
Identity is what you want it to be. It can no longer be imposed from the top. However, in countries where social mobility is limited or in places where a fashion industry doesn't exist, people are marked out by their dress.
Although, of course, it can work the other way. By standardising dress, the Chinese eliminated this as a source of identity completely.

And I think identity is still imposed from the top in many ways - particularly by parents and teachers on children, but also by work and social pressures on adults.
 
littlebabyjesus said:
Although, of course, it can work the other way. By standardising dress, the Chinese eliminated this as a source of identity completely.

And I think identity is still imposed from the top in many ways - particularly by parents and teachers on children, but also by work and social pressures on adults.

I was going to mention the Chinese example and like those other countries where there is no fashion industry, the subject of individual identity became entangled with notions of "western decadence". However, that isn't to say that those people viewed their identities any differently to the rest of us. Identity can also be geographical and most people will identify themselves with their locale first and their country second.
 
littlebabyjesus said:
And I think identity is still imposed from the top in many ways

most definitely imo

I think one big mistake in the OP is that I totally underplayed religion, instead of having it kick in somewhere in the middle, it should have been there right from the very start. I did chuck in a couple of shamans. :(

clothes and make-up as status symbol - that's also been there right from the start - although originally I imagine it was the status that gave rise to the symbols, while these days it seems to be very much the other way round
 
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