Indeed. The Clean Air Acts, the first of which was passed in 1956, were brought because of just that - the smog caused by huge amounts of coal, and to a lesser extent wood, being burned in domestic fires, in industry and on the railways. The 'great smog' of the winter of 1952 killed several thousand people (the contemporary estimate was about 4,000: more recently researchers have come to think it might well have been double that), and a great many other people died in less well known smogs and accidents caused by 'pea-souper' fogs.
Actually, I've just this morning read with some amusement of a group called the National Smoke Abatement Society, who used to demonstrate against major emitters of smoke. I ran across them in the memoirs of a train driver, who was actually roughed up by demonstrators outside Camden engine shed in the 50s. And we think environmental protests are something new!