Is there any evidence that suggests that road pricing reduces congestion
This is one area where there is plenty of evidence...
London famously got a 20% reduction in traffic in the congestion zone
Stockholm has even better data as they first had a pilot scheme, so we got before, during and after data. During the seven month trial period, between January 3, 2006 and July 31, 2006, traffic passing in and out of the cordon reduced by between 20 and 25% during the period of the trial and that air quality improved.
After the trial traffic volumes built up again to the same levels as before.
Looking at graphs of the full data is simply amazing, car journies to and from the center decreased in peak times, the big question that was also answered was, where did it go.
Apart from a total reduction in trips, bus use was up, (they laid on extra express bus services)
An increase in pre-peak time traffic and post peak traffic was noticed as people changed their habits to avoid paying the charge.
In other words a massive success and the population who pre-trial were only 30% in favour of congestion charge, voted after the trial for keeping it.
Almost all charging schemes show similar sucesses, Singapore being another great example.
There is NO doubt that charging works, the only problem is explaining to motorists that the choice is: a. Congestion or b. Charging
Motorists of course want no charging and no congestion which is impossible in peak times.
Buses are fne if your only travel requirement is to get to work and return home at fixed times via a fixed route. Bus lanes may well "speed up" bus flow by a tiny fraction ...
BRT is fast, using Curitiba as an example, they designed both radial and orbital routes which were run as high volume high frequency services, similar to an underground, but the buses could run along normal roads on less congested roads in the suburbs allowing even greater flexibility.