Art, religion - cultural activities. Culture in the broadest sense is a product of society as a whole. Marxist Aesthetics would relate culture to the underlying way society is run economically.
Under Capitalism- the system we live under now people are alienated from there full potential. The mass of people have to sell there labour to live. They do not have full freedom. Capitalism can produce an abundance of goods and the technology to free people from work ( selling there labour). Its only with Capitalism being superseded that alienation can be ended.
Then all can partake of making culture on an equal basis.
The article does not address the issue that recent urbanisation has been done under Capitalism.
It does not have to be this way.
Its not that cities cause madness so much as the Capitalist system we live under may lead to certain types of mental disorders. In the article the first idea that this may happen comes from the 1900s in America. Which at that time was becoming an advanced Capitalist society. So its urbanisation under Capitalism that’s the problem.
There is a debate in Marxist (influenced) circles that
Capitalism is like schizophrenia. I really don’t know enough about this.
( This is going similar to Marxist idea that as individuals under Capitalism we are alienated from our labour and the products of our labour. So do not live in Marxist terms our full human potential. Which is true human freedom. )
Going about a city like London the culture one is bombarded by is consumer culture. Even if one cannot partake of it. Its not urbanisation as such but the form it takes. The pressures on individuals living in cities like ours is immense.
Talking to a Chinese friend- she is the generation that has grown up as China "modernises". She says there is a social rootlessness in her generation. The urbanisation plus capitalism post Mao has taken place at an incredible pace. Her city did not exist 30 years ago.