Red Jezza said:
back ON-topic. madness = insanity = loss of control of faculties etc.
I don't know if this is entirely correct. Not all mental illness/distress involves 'loss of control of faculties', although maybe you covered that with the "etc." bit? For example, does "depression" (a mental illness/mental distress) involve 'loss of control of faculties'? Is it "insanity"?
Even more "extreme" conditions, for example skitzophrenia, don't necessarily involve loss of control - for example they might just involve hearing voices, and someone might be able to deal with this. The manic phase of manic depression doesn't necessarily mean someone completely loses touch with reality or 'loses control' - it can sometimes mean simply feeling like you are charged up on lots of caffeine and have lots of energy, confidence and ideas (maybe like being on cocaine? I haven't tried cocaine so I don't really know).
Conversely people can 'lose control' without being mentall ill: people can behave in an extreme way through anger, intoxication, "group-think", hypnotism or even a strong motivating ideology.
I don't therefore think that
"madness = insanity = loss of control of faculties etc." is a fery helpful or accurate way of describing mental illness/mental distress.
I am wondering now if "personality disorders" are the same as "mental illness"? Sometimes in a criminal case the accused is said to be a sociopath (eg prone to extreme violence and have no concern or empathy with other people) but not actually be mentally ill or insane - this often effects sentencing. There are other times when I have seen people talk about "personality disorders" (hysterical, narcissistic etc) and dictionary.com says this:
"a psychopathological condition or group of conditions in which an individual's entire life pattern is considered deviant or nonadaptive although the individual shows neither neurotic symptoms nor psychotic disorganization"
The
wikipedia entry also notes:
"The distinction made between "normal" and "disordered" personalities is also rejected by some. The "diagnostic thresholds" between normal and abnormal are either absent or weakly supported. The judgment whether a behavioural pattern is normal or disordered is also highly subjective. The DSM contains little discussion of what distinguishes personality styles (personality), from personality disorders and much is left to clinical judgment. Cultural bias is evident in certain disorders such as Schizoid personality disorder, Antisocial personality disorder, and Schizotypal personality disorder. Also, diagnosis of some disorders may be vulnerable to bias because of gender role expectations."
Here is the MIND factsheet:
Understanding personality disorders
Have a look at this bit, for example:
Histrionic personality disorder
"Being ignored is probably very uncomfortable for you, and you feel much more at ease as the ’life and soul of the party‘. But you may also feel that you have to entertain people and that you are dependent on their approval. You may flirt or behave provocatively to ensure that you remain the centre of attention, or find that other people influence you too easily. You may earn a reputation for being dramatic and overemotional. Because you love excitement and don’t tolerate boredom, you may behave recklessly or impulsively at times."
This sounds like a lot of people in showbusiness, artists and performers. We probably all know people like this. I don't think most people would say that "drama queens" or "attention seekers" are mentally ill. It doesn't seem like there can be any clear-cut, value-free or "scientific" assessment of where "normal" attention-seeking stops and "histrionic personality disorder" starts, and it is doubtful that either one would be described as a "mental illness".