Can Marcuse really be claimed as an activist philosopher?
As a young man he was part of the Spartacist movement and was part of a Soldiers and Workers Council/Soviet.
But surely, the works for which he is best known were written when he had become fairly innactive - only becoming re-engaged in politics around the upheavals of 1968.
With the rise of Stalin, the tragedy of the Spanish Civil War, Marcuse became increasingly pessimistic about the possibility of change and it was then that he began to read Freud intensively - surely his philosophy is essentially an attempt to explain the failure of the workers to revolt and the rise of Nazism with pychoanalytic expanations.